{"id":157,"date":"2013-08-14T10:30:43","date_gmt":"2013-08-14T10:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/businessculture.org\/de\/?page_id=157"},"modified":"2013-08-30T17:22:46","modified_gmt":"2013-08-30T17:22:46","slug":"turkey","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/businessculture.org\/ro\/southern-europe\/turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Turcia (Turkey)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" alt=\"Turkey-flag-240\" src=\"http:\/\/businessculture.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Turkey-flag-240.png\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Atitudine fa\u0163\u0103 de str\u0103ini<\/h2>\n<p>Turcii sunt ospitalieri, politico\u015fi \u015fi extrem de profesioni\u015fti. Ei tind s\u0103 lucreze extrem de greu \u015fi multe ore, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, av\u00e2nd un loc de munc\u0103 \u00een Turcia nu este o sarcin\u0103 u\u015foar\u0103 pentru un str\u0103in. Autorit\u0103\u0163ile turce\u015fti sunt potrivnice oric\u0103rui cet\u0103\u0163ean str\u0103in av\u00e2nd un loc de munc\u0103 care poate fi realizat de c\u0103tre un cet\u0103\u0163ean turc. Deci, str\u0103inii sunt de obicei angaja\u0163i pentru predare, s\u0103 lucreze \u00een companii interna\u0163ionale mari, sau prin agen\u0163iile de pres\u0103 care necesit\u0103 expertiz\u0103 matern\u0103 \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 \u00eentr-una din sucursalele lor din Turcia. \u00cenainte de a ajunge s\u0103 caute de lucru \u00een Turcia, este mai bine s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 fac\u0103 contact cu o companie care v\u0103 va oferi un loc de munc\u0103. Semneaz\u0103 un contact cu angajatorul \u015fi apoi aplic\u0103 pentru reziden\u0163\u0103 \u015fi viz\u0103 cu permis de munc\u0103. \u00cen general, turcilor le place s\u0103 se familiarizeze cu oamenii cu care vor lucra sau vor face afaceri. Ei vor face, cel mai probabil, afaceri cu cei \u00een care au \u00eencredere \u015fi cu cei care pot oferi o rela\u0163ie pe termen lung.<\/p>\n<h2>Educa\u0163ie general\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen Turcia, sistemul de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt este asigurat de c\u0103tre guvern. Noua legisla\u0163ie introdus\u0103 de c\u0103tre Marea Adunare Na\u0163ional\u0103 \u00een martie 2012 a crescut \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul obligatoriu de la 5 la 12 ani pentru copiii cu v\u00e2rsta de la 6 la 18. Pentru ca elevii s\u0103-\u015fi continue studiile la o institu\u0163ie de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt superior, ace\u015ftia sunt apoi obliga\u0163i s\u0103 ia examenul na\u0163ional de admitere sau examenul OSS.<\/p>\n<p>Institu\u0163iile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt pre\u015fcolar, primar, secundar \u015fi superior sunt parte a sistemului de educa\u0163ie formal\u0103 \u00een Turcia. \u00cen plus, exist\u0103, de asemenea, centre de formare care ofer\u0103 educa\u0163ie informal\u0103 \u015fi sunt supervizate de c\u0103tre Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Na\u0163ionale (MEB). Educa\u0163ia informal\u0103 ofer\u0103 servicii pentru cei care ar dori s\u0103-\u015fi completeze educa\u0163ia lor \u015fi \u00eei \u00eenva\u0163\u0103 pe oameni de diferite profesii cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele \u015fi aptitudinile necesare pentru dezvoltarea lor personal\u0103<\/p>\n<p>Nu sunt taxe de \u015fcolarizare pentru institu\u0163iile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt superior. Cu toate acestea, elevii vor primi sprijin financiar, \u00een cazul \u00een care nu au fondurile necesare pentru a-\u015fi continua educa\u0163ia. Conform Statisticii Na\u0163ionale pentru Educa\u0163ie, \u00een Turcia la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 2012, existau &#8220;168 de universit\u0103\u0163i \u00een Turcia, de stat \u015fi private, din care 2\/3 sunt de stat \u015fi 1\/3 sunt private&#8221;. Conform Statisticii Na\u0163ionale pentru Educa\u0163ie, universit\u0103\u0163ile sunt alc\u0103tuite din facult\u0103\u0163i \u015fi \u015fcoli de patru ani, care ofer\u0103 programe de licen\u0163\u0103, \u015fi \u015fcoli profesionale de doi ani, care ofer\u0103 programe de pre-de licen\u0163\u0103 de natur\u0103 profesional\u0103 numai. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, programe de masterat \u015fi doctorat, care sunt coordonate de c\u0103tre institute de studii postuniversitare. Toate programele de doctorat necesit\u0103 o diplom\u0103 de Master \u015fi trebuie s\u0103 fie finalizate \u00een patru ani. Programele de doctorat constau \u00een cursuri, un examen de calificare doctoral\u0103 (at\u00e2t \u00een scris \u015fi oral), \u015fi sus\u0163inere unei teze de doctorat.<\/p>\n<h2>Stabilirea contactului<\/h2>\n<p>Turcii sunt destul de experimenta\u0163i \u00een lucrul cu \u00eentreprinderile str\u0103ine. Managerii str\u0103ini \u00eei consider\u0103 pe turci flexibili \u015fi practici. Cel mai bun mod de a-i aborda este prin telefon \u015fi e-mail \u00een stadii incipiente, apoi prin comunic\u0103ri directe.<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd interac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu colegii \u015fi cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele, o lungime de bra\u0163 este o distan\u0163\u0103 adecvat\u0103 de spa\u0163iu interpersonal. Cu toate acestea, spa\u0163iul personal este mai aproape de turci dec\u00e2t ceea ce ar putea fi considerate normale pentru mul\u0163i str\u0103ini, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t aceasta poate fi un pic ciudat pentru unii oameni. Pentru rela\u0163ii mai str\u00e2nse, cum ar fi prieteni \u015fi membri ai familiei, spa\u0163iul interpersonal devine chiar mai mic \u015fi exist\u0103 o doz\u0103 rezonabil\u0103 de a atingeri.<\/p>\n<p>Gesturile publice de afec\u0163iune sunt limitate, chiar dac\u0103 atingerea este cultural acceptat\u0103 ca norm\u0103 \u00een comunicarea non-verbal\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi nevoie de o rela\u0163ie intim\u0103. Str\u00e2ngerile de m\u00e2n\u0103 sunt importante pentru turci. Este important s\u0103 se dea m\u00e2na \u00een semn de salut atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eent\u00e2mpini pe cineva \u015fi, de asemenea, atunci c\u00e2nd pleac\u0103, amabilitatea este considerat\u0103 un semn de respect. Se recomand\u0103 de a dezvolta rela\u0163ii personale \u015fi a se participa la crearea de re\u0163ele \u00een orice moment.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00cent\u00e2lniri de afaceri<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cent\u00e2lnirile ini\u0163iale sunt de obicei formale, a\u015fa cum afacerile sunt o chestiune serioas\u0103 \u015fi trebuie s\u0103 fie tratate \u00een acest fel. Deci, este important s\u0103 se evita a fi prea degajat \u015fi prietenos, \u00een ciuda rela\u0163iei personale care ar fi putut fi dezvoltat\u0103. \u00cent\u00e2lnirile ini\u0163iale cu greu duc vreodat\u0103 la decizii \u015fi sunt utilizate \u00een principal ca modalit\u0103\u0163i de a cunoa\u015fte unul pe altul. A\u015fa c\u0103 nu \u00eencerca\u0163i s\u0103 limita\u0163i discu\u0163ia numai la afaceri. La \u00eenceputul reuniunii, este de a\u015fteptat s\u0103 v\u0103 saluta\u0163i omologul turc cu o str\u00e2ngere de m\u00e2n\u0103 ferm\u0103. Pentru femeile turce, oamenii trebuie s\u0103 a\u015ftepte ca dumneaei s\u0103 \u00eentind\u0103 m\u00e2na mai \u00eent\u00e2i.<\/p>\n<p>Mici discu\u0163ii sunt bune pentru a intra \u00een conversa\u0163ie \u00eenainte de \u00eenceperea discu\u0163iilor de afaceri. Prezent\u0103rile trebuie s\u0103 fie scurte \u015fi la obiect. Propunerea ar trebui s\u0103 fie \u00een mod clar structurat\u0103 \u015fi prezentat\u0103. \u00centr-o prezentare materialele vizuale ajut\u0103 mereu, deci \u00eencerca\u0163i s\u0103 le utiliza\u0163i bine &#8211; grafice clare cu mai pu\u0163in text. De asemenea, este o idee bun\u0103 de a traduce materiale importante la turc\u0103, \u00een scopul de a transmite mesajul tuturor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Atitudine fa\u0163\u0103 de str\u0103ini Turcii sunt ospitalieri, politico\u015fi \u015fi extrem de profesioni\u015fti. Ei tind s\u0103 lucreze extrem de greu \u015fi multe ore, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, av\u00e2nd un loc de munc\u0103 \u00een Turcia nu este o sarcin\u0103 u\u015foar\u0103 pentru un str\u0103in. Autorit\u0103\u0163ile turce\u015fti sunt potrivnice oric\u0103rui cet\u0103\u0163ean str\u0103in av\u00e2nd un loc de munc\u0103 care poate fi realizat &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/businessculture.org\/ro\/southern-europe\/turkey\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Turcia (Turkey)<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-157","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Turcia (Turkey) - Business Culture Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/businessculture.org\/ro\/southern-europe\/turkey\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/businessculture.org\\\/ro\\\/southern-europe\\\/turkey\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/businessculture.org\\\/ro\\\/southern-europe\\\/turkey\\\/\",\"name\":\"Turcia (Turkey) - 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